Somalia is on the verge of a historic event, preparing to hold its first one-person-one-vote election since gaining independence in 1960. This significant occasion represents a major departure from the “selection-based” elections that have defined Somalia’s political landscape since the military regime’s collapse in 1991. For many years, the political process has been dominated by a system in which members of parliament, chosen through a clan-based power-sharing formula, selected the president. This system has faced widespread criticism for being susceptible to corruption, vote-buying, and manipulation, thereby denying ordinary Somalis a say in their governance.
The upcoming election holds importance not for breaking away from this flawed system but also for propelling Somalia towards democratizing its governance structure. For the time in than fifty years Somali citizens will have the chance to exercise their constitutional right by directly choosing their leaders. This represents a shift practically offering an opportunity to legitimize governance enhance accountability and foster a culture of active political engagement. In a country where power has often been consolidated among a individuals embracing universal suffrage demonstrates a strong commitment, to democratic values and principles.
The journey to this point has been long and fraught with challenges. After gaining independence from colonial rule, Somalia experienced a brief period of democracy, which was abruptly ended by a military coup in 1969. General Siad Barre’s regime took control, leading the country into an era of authoritarian rule that lasted until the government’s collapse in 1991. The ensuing civil war plunged Somalia into chaos, with various factions and warlords vying for control, leading to decades of instability and suffering for the Somali people.
In the aftermath of Barres regime Somalia grappled with rebuilding a government. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) emerged in 2004 as an effort to restore some form of governance to a nation torn apart by conflict. However, it wasn’t until 2012 when Somalia initiated steps towards establishing a system and democratic institutions by adopting a constitution. During this period there was the introduction of a system based on selection where clan leaders and elites had influence, in choosing parliament members who would then elect the president.
Although this new system represented progress compared to turmoil it still fell short of being considered ideal. Allegations of corruption and vote buying tainted the landscape, where affluent candidates often resorted to paying for votes. The power sharing arrangement based on clans aimed at accommodating interests instead deepened divisions. Marginalized non dominant clans. Consequently, the political system lacked credibility. Failed to represent the aspirations of the Somali community.
The shift, towards suffrage is a move to address these challenges. It holds the promise of democratizing politics by allowing every Somali citizen to have a say in electing their leaders. This is particularly significant in Somalia’s socio setting, marked by a varied populace and entrenched clan affiliations. Universal suffrage presents an opportunity to transcend these divides fostering unity and common goals.
Nevertheless, this transition comes with hurdles. One major obstacle is the resistance from elites who have thrived under the existing system. Many fear that true democracy could diminish their authority as ordinary Somalis gain influence in choosing their leaders. These elites have an interest, in maintaining the status quo since it enables them to control politics through incentives and patronage networks.
There are also hurdles to overcome. Holding an election in a country with infrastructure, poor transport systems and large areas controlled by state groups is a huge challenge. Concerns exist about having resources like voter education materials, polling stations and ballot papers. Maintaining the integrity of the voter registration process is crucial since any perceived irregularities from the Federal Member States could harm the elections credibility.
The global community must play a role in helping Somalia move towards democracy. This involves offering support, financial aid and building capacity for bodies. International partners can also use means to ensure that the process is fair, transparent and free, from interference. However, it’s important for external parties to respect Somalia’s sovereignty and avoid actions that could be seen as meddling. The assistance should be customized to fit the obstacles and circumstances, in Somalia making sure it supports institutions and stakeholders effectively.
Dealing with the security threats posed by Al Shabaab calls for a strategy. While military aid is crucial it’s just as vital to back efforts that combat extremism and promote peacebuilding. This includes addressing the root causes of instability like poverty, joblessness and opportunities. By investing in development and creating prospects for Somalis the global community can help diminish the allure of beliefs.
Furthermore, it’s important for the international community to assist Somalia in establishing an framework. This requires not assistance but also promoting a culture of openness and accountability. Observers and monitors will play a role in ensuring elections while also deterring fraud and coercion. Additionally investing in education is essential to empower citizens with knowledge of their rights and duties within a democratic society.
The Somali media also holds significance in this endeavor. A free and unbiased press is crucial for delivering information, to the public holding candidates and officials responsible and encouraging public discussions. In times Somali journalists have encountered hurdles, such as intimidation, harassment and acts of violence. It is crucial to ensure their safety and uphold a thriving media environment for the well-being of Somalia’s democracy.
As Somalia gears up for this election the world’s attention is focused on it. The stakes are high with potential for transformations. However, the journey toward establishing a democracy is lengthy and riddled with challenges. It will require efforts from the populace, leaders and the global community to navigate these obstacles and construct a future grounded in democratic values, accountability and inclusivity.
This election represents more than a milestone; it serves as a litmus test for Somalias resilience and reflects the unwavering spirit of its people. The progression towards suffrage mirrors the quest, for peace, stability and self governance. Standing at this juncture Somalia has an opportunity to reshape its destiny and take significant strides towards becoming a more democratic and prosperous society. While uncertainties lie ahead on this path the beacon of beginnings shines brightly—offering hope and motivation to all those envisioning a brighter tomorrow for Somalia.
